Genes (3.1)
Genes, Alleles, and the Genome
Genome: The complete sequence of ALL DNA nucleotides of an organism. Found via sequencing.
|
Genes: sections of DNA that code for specific polypeptide sequeces.
Example:
Gene vs allele |
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs)= substitution of a single nucleotide that occurs at a specific position in the genome
|
Mutations
Mutations are errors in the matching of the DNA or RNA code
Mutation, allele, and variation Mutation Genetics (includes types as well as syndromes/ nondisjunction) |
Types of Mutations:
|
Sickle Cell Anemia
Causes of SCA (including inheritance)- NIH Effects of mutation via SCA- Berkely.edu |
For a review of Transcription and Translation please see Topic 2.7
|
|
There are some interesting genetic and evolutionary connections between sickle cell anemia and malaria. While having two copies of the sickle cell gene usually leads to early death, being heterozygous (one faulty & one normal allele) usually is ok.
|
Human Genome Project
Human Genome Project began in 1990 and was completed in 2003. It's goal was to sequence an entire human genome (ie. enable us to know all the ATCGs).
|
|
Gene Comparison and Nucleotide BLASTS
We can compare genes through various different methods. Because of sequencing methods we have now sequenced genomes of many different organisms. So we are compare genes of different organism.
Gene Idenification Database- OMIM gene search Gene/ Protein blast comparison - NCBI blast technology Sequence search - NCBI Sequence search Genes researched:
|
Directions
For Student work: See the following document |