Cellular Respiration (2.8)
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Notes:NOTES SLNOTES HLHL Extension: Topic 8.2REview:
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Overview of Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds to produce ATP.
Two general types: (See table below for comparison)
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Notes on structure: Notice the two membranes. Also the space the middle called the matrix as well as the folds in the inner membrane that increase surface area and create a greater area for the electron transport chain (stage 3) to create energy.
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Aerobic Cellular Respiration
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Aerobic Respiration occurs when there is enough oxygen present for the cell. It occurs in 3 stages, each with a purpose.
Glucose + O2 --> CO2 + H2O (+36ATP) |
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
Anaerobic Respiration occurs when there is not enough avaliable oxygen present for a cell.
The fermentation process is slightly different dependent upon the organism it is occuring in. In either case a small amount of ATP is produced. This minimal amount will keep the body running but not forever. |
Yeast Fermentation (Alcoholic Fermentation)
Glucose => ethanol + Carbon dioxide (+ATP) During yeast fermentation:
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Human Fermentation (Homolactic Fermentation)
Glucose => lactate (+ATP) During Human Fermentation:
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Uses of Yeast Fermentation
Yeast and bacteria have been used to make wine since as early as 7000BC in China. The idea uses the fermentation process of yeast and bacteria (anaerobic respiration) to make various products. The fermentation process and the product produced is dependent both on the type of organism and the original material. Examples for these processes include:
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Purpose of Lactate Production in Humans
Lactate is produced in Humans/ mammals during anaerobic respiration. At one time it was thought that lactate was responsible for causing cramps in muscles after a workout. Today, the data indicates that lactate produced from anaerobic respiration is used to maximize the power of muscle contractions.
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